Phone Payment Plans for Individuals with Bad Credit
Intro
In today’s fast-paced world, possessing a reliable mobile phone is crucial. For many, their phone is not just a communication tool; it’s a lifeline connecting them to work, family, and vital services. However, for individuals grappling with bad credit, accessing phone payment plans can be a daunting challenge. Many service providers often shy away from those with less-than-stellar credit histories, leading to added frustration. This article sheds light on the various payment plans designed for those with bad credit, empowering readers to make informed decisions and potentially improve their financial standing.
Understanding how credit affects phone financing is essential. A low credit score can restrict options significantly, making it harder to secure favorable terms or even obtain a phone without paying upfront. Yet, there are pathways to navigate through these obstacles. Whether you’re a tech-savvy enthusiast looking for the latest model or just need a basic phone for practicality, knowing the available options and eligibility criteria is paramount.
Let’s delve into the heart of the matter, starting with the fundamental terms surrounding phone payment plans for those with bad credit.
Investment Definitions
Key Terms Explained
Before diving headfirst into the myriad of payment options, it’s important to familiarize yourself with some key terms:
- Credit Score: A numerical representation of your creditworthiness. It influences the types of financing available to you. Lower scores often result in less favorable terms.
- Pay-as-you-go: A prepaid plan where customers pay for their usage upfront. This can be beneficial for those wary of incurring debt.
- Financing Plans: Agreements allowing individuals to pay for their phones over time rather than all at once. This often includes interest rates that can be affected by credit history.
- Co-signer Requirement: Some plans may require a co-signer with better credit to improve the chances of approval.
Common Payment Strategies
When considering a phone payment plan, various strategies can help navigate your options:
- Research Providers: Not all carriers have stringent credit checks. Researching lesser-known providers can sometimes yield better options.
- Consider Alternate Financing: Companies that specialize in subprime financing can help, though they often come with higher interest rates.
- Evaluate Prepaid Plans: Prepaid options can often bypass credit checks but require upfront payment.
Understanding these terms and strategies will set the stage for exploring specific plans and their implications on credit and financial health.
Understanding Bad Credit
Understanding bad credit is fundamental for anyone looking to navigate payment plans, especially for phones. It sets the stage for the entire discussion, as it helps individuals comprehend the challenges they might face due to their financial history. Bad credit isn't just a number; it represents a broader picture of one’s financial behavior and reliability. Knowing what bad credit means gives a clearer perspective on the importance of phone payment options tailored to those in such situations.
Defining Bad Credit
Bad credit usually refers to a credit score that falls below a certain threshold, typically below 580 on a standardized 300-850 score range. This scoring system evaluates the creditworthiness of consumers based on their past financial activities. Factors contributing to bad credit can be missed payments, high credit utilization, or accounts in collections. It's vital to clarify that although bad credit can seem daunting, it also acts as a wake-up call to manage finances better.
Causes of Bad Credit
Several factors contribute to the development of bad credit. Common culprits include:
- Late Payments: Missing payment deadlines on loans or credit cards can significantly impact your score.
- High Debt Levels: Carrying too much debt compared to available credit limits can result in a lower score.
- Bankruptcies: This can remain on a credit report for several years, making future financing difficult.
- Inquiries: Frequent applications for new credit can signal financial instability.
These causes often stem from lack of financial literacy, unexpected life events, or mismanagement of spending habits. Recognizing these can help individuals take steps to rectify their financial standing.
Impact of Bad Credit on Financing
Having bad credit can heavily affect one’s access to various financing options, particularly when it comes to buying a phone.
- Higher Interest Rates: Providers might impose steeper rates on loans or payment plans as a risk management strategy.
- Limited Options: Many carriers may deny financing altogether or offer less favorable terms.
- Deposit Requirements: Individuals with bad credit might have to put down a larger initial payment.
These aspects highlight why understanding bad credit is crucial before entering any financing agreement. It's not just about acquiring a phone; it's about safeguarding one’s financial future against pitfalls that could arise from unfavorable agreements.
Phone Payment Plans Explained
Phone payment plans offer a lifeline to those grappling with the challenges of bad credit. The importance of these plans extends beyond enabling access to the latest technology; they can be a stepping stone towards financial rehabilitation. For individuals with low credit scores, the need for a reliable phone is often coupled with financial constraints, making traditional purchasing options seem daunting. Phone payment plans provide a flexible alternative that can fit snugly into monthly budgets while still ensuring connectivity.
Understanding various phone payment plans can empower consumers, especially those with a credit history that may limit their financing options. Armed with this knowledge, individuals can make more informed choices that align with their financial goals and credit recovery strategies.
What Are Phone Payment Plans?
Phone payment plans are arrangements that allow consumers to acquire a mobile device by paying in installments rather than a lump sum upfront. This approach often makes the latest smartphones more accessible, particularly for those facing credit issues. The main idea is to allow consumers to use the device while spreading the cost over a set period, usually with additional fees or interest.
These plans can vary significantly from one provider to another, but they generally involve a contract agreeing to monthly payments for a specified duration. For individuals with bad credit, such plans can provide not only immediate access to technology but also a way to potentially rebuild their credit reputation through responsible payment behavior.
Types of Phone Payment Plans
Installment Plans
Installment plans allow consumers to break down the cost of a smartphone over multiple payments, often spanning 12 to 24 months. This method is particularly appealing for those who want to own the device outright at the end of the payment term. The key characteristic of installment plans is that they often come with fixed monthly payments, which helps consumers budget more effectively.
One unique feature of installment plans is the ability to offer financing even to those with less-than-ideal credit scores. While this can be advantageous, it's important to look out for higher interest rates or fees that can inflate the total cost over time. Consumers will want to do their homework and calculate the overall expense to determine if this route aligns with their financial strategy.
Leasing Options
Leasing options have become a popular choice, particularly for those who enjoy having the latest technology without committing to ownership. With this type of plan, consumers pay a monthly fee to use the device for a fixed period, usually 24 months, after which they can either return it or purchase it at a predetermined price. The key characteristic here is flexibility—users can upgrade to a newer model at the end of the lease term, which is an appealing option for tech enthusiasts.
However, leasing options might not be ideal for everyone. Consumers should note that while monthly payments might be lower, leasing ultimately means you won’t own the phone unless you choose to buy it. It's important to weigh the long-term costs and potential penalties for early termination before signing on the dotted line.
Pay-as-You-Go Models
Pay-as-you-go models offer consumers a way to pay for their phone and service in a manner that avoids contracts and monthly obligations. In this model, consumers purchase a device outright or pay a minimal down payment, followed by prepaid service, which can be a budget-friendly solution. The main characteristic of pay-as-you-go plans is their straightforward pricing structure, allowing users to only pay for what they need.
This model is beneficial for those who prefer not to have recurring charges and for individuals looking to manage their monthly expenses tightly. However, the trade-off is that upfront costs may be higher. Consumers should consider their financial situation and usage patterns to see if this model will truly meet their needs without straining their finances.
In summary, understanding the various types of phone payment plans is vital for anyone, especially those with bad credit. Each plan type has its pros and cons, and the right choice depends significantly on individual circumstances.
Eligibility for Phone Payment Plans
Understanding eligibility for phone payment plans is crucial for those with bad credit. It can determine if prospective buyers can secure a plan suited to their financial situation or if they will be left out in the cold trying to find a way around high upfront costs.
When someone needs a new phone but has a credit history that leaves something to be desired, diving into the details is vital. Not only does knowing the eligibility criteria help consumers navigate their options, it also aids them in making informed decisions that can ultimately lead to improved financial health.
Common Criteria
Most service providers or retailers have standard eligibility criteria that determine whether someone can obtain a phone payment plan. These criteria often include:
- Identity Verification: Providers need to ensure that the person requesting a plan is who they claim to be. This generally involves presenting a government-issued ID.
- Residency Status: Many companies check if the applicant is a resident in the given area, which ties back to potential service areas and customer support.
- Employment Status: Lenders may want to see proof of employment to gauge whether the person can reasonably be expected to meet monthly payment obligations.
- Banking Information: Setting up an autopay option often requires linking to a valid bank account.
By understanding these criteria, consumers can better prepare for the application process, making it smoother and increasing their chances of approval.
How Credit Scores Influence Eligibility
Credit scores weigh heavily in any financing discussion, particularly for phone payment plans. Even if an individual meets all other criteria, a low credit score can still throw a wrench into the works. Here are a few points to consider:
- Tiered Plans: Some providers classify customers into tiers based on credit scores. Those with higher scores often get access to better terms, such as lower interest rates, while customers with bad credit might be stuck with higher costs or limited options.
- Security Deposits: In many cases, individuals with bad credit might be subject to higher upfront payments or security deposits to mitigate the risk factors associated with financing.
- Approval Chances: While some retailers extend options for those with poor credit, others have strict policies that make it challenging for risky applicants to secure a plan.
Tips for Improving Eligibility
Improving eligibility requires a proactive approach. Here are some practical tips:
- Review Your Credit Report: It's essential to understand what aspects of your credit history might be impacting your score. Get a copy from the main credit bureaus and identify any inaccuracies.
- Pay Down Existing Debt: The less debt you have, the better your credit utilization ratio looks to creditors. Focus on paying off high-interest debts first to quickly improve your overall standing.
- Settle Outstanding Accounts: If there are accounts in collections, settling them can sometimes improve your credit score.
- Make Payments on Time: Establishing a track record of timely payments all around will demonstrate responsibility and gradually improve your creditworthiness.
- Consider a Co-Signer: If a family member or friend with good credit is willing, having them co-sign could improve the chances of approval.
By being strategic and understanding the ins and outs of eligibility, individuals with bad credit can find routes to secure affordable phone payment plans. Remember, it’s never too late to start improving one’s financial situation.
Providers of Phone Payment Plans
When it comes to finding the right phone payment plan, understanding which providers offer the best options is crucial, especially for those navigating the constraints of bad credit. Each provider has its unique offerings, which can significantly influence both the affordability and accessibility of a new phone. Fast-changing technology trends and consumer preferences demand that providers adapt, creating a diverse market landscape that can confuse anyone trying to make sense of it. In this section, we will delve into the major carriers and alternative retail options available, highlighting their key features and how they benefit consumers with less-than-stellar credit histories.
Major Carriers Offering Flexible Plans
In the realm of phone financing, major carriers like Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile often take the spotlight. These carriers not only provide communication services but also play a pivotal role in making phones accessible through financing options tailored for different credit profiles.
- Verizon
Verizon presents various plans that cater to diverse financial needs. Their plans often allow consumers to pay for devices in monthly installments. If you have bad credit, they might ask for a small deposit upfront, which might appear as a hurdle at first, yet many find it manageable compared to the long-term commitment of other options. - AT&T
AT&T has made strides in accommodating those with bad credit by offering zero-interest installment plans for eligible customers. Their Flex Plan is notably sought after, giving users the chance to split the cost of their device over an agreed period while also enjoying the benefit of having an affordable monthly bill. - T-Mobile
T-Mobile’s customer-oriented approach shines through its financing options. They usually don’t require a credit check when customers want to opt for equipment installment plans, making them a favorable choice for individuals with credit challenges. This no-credit-check policy can ease anxiety, letting customers focus more on connectivity rather than past financial missteps.
The beauty of these major carriers is that they consistently promote marketing campaigns that appeal directly to consumers struggling with credit. By regularly reviewing their offerings, customers can discover opportunities that may help elevate their financial standing even further.
Alternative Retail Options
For those who might prefer steering clear of contracts or looking for more tailored solutions, alternative retail options provide excellent alternatives. These smaller, often independent retailers or online platforms offer programs that sometimes mirror specifically tailored installment plans similar to those found at major carriers.
- Best Buy
Best Buy offers a program that allows customers to get phones either outright or through financing options without heavy credit scrutiny. They provide flexibility in payment plans, enabling customers to balance their budget according to their financial situation. - Walmart and Target
Retail giants like Walmart and Target offer prepaid models that enable consumers to avoid layered fees and obligations linked with traditional phone contracts. These outlets often carry phones at extremely competitive prices, which can sometimes circumvent credit checks altogether. - Online Marketplaces like eBay
For those savvy enough, shopping for phones on platforms like eBay can yield significant savings. Most sellers offer phones at reduced prices, and buyers can find individual sellers willing to create payment plans, often without stringent credit checks. This route requires about the same diligence as any financial choice, but for many, it can be a golden opportunity.
Ultimately, the option chosen either from major carriers or alternative retailers boils down to personal needs and financial capability. Careful consideration is essential for those with bad credit, as the goal is not just to acquire a phone but to ensure future financial stability.
Comparing Payment Plans
When it comes to financing a phone, especially if you have bad credit, the options may appear overwhelming. However, comparing payment plans is crucial to ensure you find the most suitable one for your financial situation. Each payment plan has its own intricacies, including interest rates, contractual obligations, and flexibility regarding terms. Therefore, understanding these aspects can save you a lot of trouble in the long run.
Interest Rates and Fees
Interest rates can differ sharply among various phone payment plans. When you're looking at your options, pay close attention to the Annual Percentage Rate (APR). It reflects the cost of borrowing money on an annual basis and can significantly impact your overall expenditure.
- Fixed vs. Variable Rates: Some plans may offer fixed rates that provide stable monthly payments, while others might present variable rates that can fluctuate based on market conditions. Fixed rates tend to be more favorable for budgeting, while variable rates can save money if the market is kind.
- Hidden Fees: Many providers sneak in additional fees that aren’t readily apparent. Activation fees, late payment charges, or fees for changes in your payment terms can add up quickly. Be sure to ask about these costs before signing anything.
Evaluating the interest rates and fees associated with each plan allows you to gauge which would be the least burdensome in the long term.
Contract Terms
Contract terms are the backbone of any payment plan and should never be taken lightly. These terms dictate the length of the contract, the total cost, and your obligations throughout its duration.
- Duration of Contract: Common contracts last from 12 to 36 months. A longer term might mean lower monthly payments, however, this also might lead to paying more interest over time.
- Obligation to Pay Off Early: Some providers impose penalties for paying off your phone early. Understanding the fine print regarding early termination fees can aid in avoiding unexpected charges down the line.
- Upgrade Eligibility: Look for plans that allow you to upgrade your phone after a set period. This flexibility can be essential if you want the latest technology without starting anew with each device.
Clearly outlining contract terms not only safeguards your finances but equips you with the knowledge needed to manage your obligations effectively.
Flexibility and Cancellation Policies
Life can be unpredictable, and your financial situation may change. Thus, assessing the flexibility of your payment plan is essential.
- Payment Flexibility: Some plans provide options to modify your payment schedule, which can be beneficial during tough months. If your plan allows skipping a payment or rescheduling it without severe penalties, that’s a significant advantage.
- Cancellation Policies: Before signing anything, it's vital to know what it takes to cancel the plan. A good plan will offer a grace period where you can change your mind without facing penalties. This aspect is particularly important if you're uncertain about your long-term commitment.
A plan that prioritizes your flexibility can ease your financial stress in an ever-changing world.
"Understanding the nuances of payment plans can turn a head-scratching decision into a straightforward one. Seek clarity, and never hesitate to ask questions to your provider."
In summary, comparing payment plans effectively means diving into the details of interest rates and fees, scrutinizing contract terms, and weighing the flexibility of cancellation policies. Only then can you confidently select a plan that aligns with your financial capabilities and personal needs.
Pros and Cons of Phone Payment Plans for Bad Credit
Navigating the world of phone payment plans when you have bad credit can feel like walking through a minefield. While these plans offer a lifeline to those struggling with credit issues, understanding the advantages and disadvantages is crucial for making informed financial decisions. It’s not just about getting a new phone; it’s also about the potential implications on your overall financial landscape. Let’s break down the key pros and cons associated with such payment plans.
Advantages
One of the clearest benefits of phone payment plans for bad credit is that they provide access to technology that may otherwise be out of reach. Here are some specific advantages:
- Instant Connectivity: In today’s fast-paced world, having a phone isn't just a luxury—it's often a necessity for work, personal relations, and more. Payment plans allow users to keep this critical tool despite their credit challenges.
- Flexible Payment Options: Many providers understand the struggle with bad credit and offer installment plans or leasing options that fit a wider range of budgets. This means you can find a plan that aligns with your financial situation, rather than feeling pressured to pay all at once.
- Establishing Payment History: By consistently making payments on your phone plan, you can work on improving your credit score over time. A solid payment history can positively affect your credit profile when potential lenders check your credit report.
- Variety of Devices: Providers often have a range of devices available, meaning you can choose a phone that suits your needs without breaking the bank. This flexibility can enhance user experience, accommodating everything from basic to high-end models.
- Real-Time Support Services: Many payment plans come with customer service support that can assist you with budgeting for payments, making it easier to manage expenses.
Disadvantages
On the flip side, there are important considerations that come with these plans. It’s vital to be aware of the potential downsides that could impact your long-term financial health:
- Higher Interest Rates: Given the risk that providers take on by offering plans to individuals with bad credit, they often charge higher interest rates and fees. These extra costs can add up quickly, increasing the total amount paid for the phone.
- Long-Term Commitments: Many plans require extended contracts, which can lock you into a financial commitment just when you might need flexibility due to job changes or unexpected expenses.
- Risk of Defaulting: If financial circumstances worsen and payments become unmanageable, there’s a risk of defaulting. This could lead to repossession of the device in addition to negatively affecting your credit score.
- Limited Options for Poor Credit Holders: Not all providers accept customers with bad credit, and those that do might not offer the best devices or terms, restricting your choices.
- Repercussions on Credit Scores: While on-time payments can help your credit score, failing to make payments can severely damage it. Additionally, having too many inquiries into your credit can also lower your score.
In summary, phone payment plans may serve as a stepping stone for individuals with bad credit, offering both opportunities and risks that must be weighed carefully. Understanding both sides allows consumers to navigate their financial paths with foresight and prudence.
As you contemplate whether to engage in a phone payment plan, take the time to truly reflect on these pros and cons, examine your financial situation, and make a decision that best serves your long-term interests.
Long-Term Financial Considerations
Understanding the long-term financial implications of phone payment plans is crucial, especially for individuals facing the challenge of bad credit. While these plans may provide an immediate solution for acquiring a phone, their effects on future financial situations should not be overlooked. This section delves into how these plans relate to credit scores and effective budgeting practices.
The Relationship Between Payment Plans and Credit Scores
When it comes to payment plans, there’s a connection between on-time payments and the overall health of your credit score. Successfully managing monthly payments demonstrates reliability to lenders. Each payment made punctually can help in rehabilitating a less-than-desirable credit score, as it adds positive history to your credit report. Conversely, missed payments can snowball quickly, leading to more setbacks. It's essential to bear in mind:
- On-time Payments: Each payment directly influences credit scores.
- Credit Utilization Ratio: If phone payment plans add debt, ensure it doesn’t inflate the overall credit usage ratio beyond reasonable limits.
- Account Age: Engaging in a long-term payment plan can affect the average account age positively, which plays a role in credit scoring methodologies.
"Consistency pays off. Missing one payment could cost you the chance at a better rate down the line."
When considering a new payment plan, scrutinizing the terms is a smart move. Some plans might report to credit bureaus, while others don’t, so it’s prudent to ask. Knowing this can be the difference between building a better score or tanking it further.
Budgeting for Monthly Payments
Crafting a budget that incorporates phone payment plans is vital to ensure financial stability. These monthly payments must be factored into overall financial planning. Here’s how to navigate budgeting with these payments:
- Assess Your Current Financial Situation:
- Set Realistic Payment Goals:
- Track Your Spending:
- Adjust as Necessary:
- Calculate total monthly income.
- Determine existing expenses.
- Identify discretionary spending that can be adjusted.
- Choose a payment plan that fits comfortably within your budget.
- Avoid plans that may lead you to stretch finances.
- Use tools or apps to monitor expenses closely.
- Assess progress toward budgeting goals regularly.
- If unexpected expenses arise, adapt your budget proactively.
- Prioritize essential payments to avoid late fees.
By understanding your finances and making informed choices, you improve your chances of managing phone payment plans while maintaining long-term fiscal health. Keeping a finger on the pulse of these expenditures can save you from falling into deeper financial troubles due to poor planning. Making informed decisions today can pave the way for a healthier financial future.
Alternatives to Phone Payment Plans
In today's digital world, having a reliable phone is almost as essential as having a roof over one’s head. However, for those grappling with bad credit, traditional phone payment plans might feel out of reach. Luckily, alternatives abound for consumers eager for their tech without the headache of financing plans. Exploring these options can not only mitigate risk but might also allow for better financial management.
Buying a Phone Outright
One straightforward way to sidestep the pitfalls associated with financing plans is simply to purchase a phone outright. This method provides a sense of ownership, which fosters peace of mind. When you pay for a phone in full, there are no lingering payment obligations or interest that can lessen the joy of owning a shiny new device. Here are a few benefits to consider:
- No Credit Check: Purchasers make a clean break from credit considerations.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Long-term, avoiding interest payments can save a considerable chunk of change.
- Flexibility with Carriers: You can switch carriers easily since there is no contract binding you.
Of course, this approach requires having a lump sum available. For budget-watchers, monitoring sales during peak events like Black Friday can pave the way to snagging the best deals.
Refurbished or Used Phones
Another viable path resembles the adage, "one man’s trash is another man’s treasure." Refurbished or used phones can still pack a punch and come at a fraction of the cost of new models. Many reputable retailers offer refurbished devices that function as good as new—typically with a warranty to boot. When considering this option:
- Lower Price Point: These devices can save you hundreds.
- Environmentally Friendly: Choosing secondhand can lessen your carbon footprint, fitting nicely into sustainable living ideologies.
- Quality Assurance: Many refurbished phones undergo rigorous testing to ensure they meet safety and performance standards.
However, buyers should be aware of the previous condition of the device and insist on a return policy—just in case the phone doesn't meet expectations.
Peer-to-Peer Lending Options
For those who are looking to finance their next phone purchase but don’t want to rely on traditional payment plans, peer-to-peer lending can provide a refreshing alternative. This methodology cuts out banks or credit unions and connects borrowers with individual lenders. Here’s why some people find this attractive:
- Flexible Terms: Borrowers can negotiate repayment terms that work for their unique situations.
- Potentially Lower Interest Rates: Depending on your profile, you might score better rates than those offered by traditional companies.
- Direct Communication: You deal directly with lenders, allowing for a more personal approach.
This option works best for individuals who have a clear repayment plan and can present themselves positively to potential lenders. However, it’s essential to conduct thorough research into any platform before diving in.
"Exploring alternatives is not just about saving money; it’s about finding the right fit that aligns with your financial situation."
Recommendations for the Future
Navigating the intricate landscape of phone payment plans is more than just a necessary skill; it stands as a cornerstone for financial stability, especially for those grappling with bad credit. This section intends to provide guidelines and foresight that can pave a smoother path toward financial recovery and ultimately enhance one’s creditworthiness.
Ways to Improve Your Credit Score
Improving one’s credit score is undoubtedly a vital step in securing better payment plans in the future. Here are several actionable strategies to achieve just that:
- Timely Bill Payments: Ensure that all bills, not just credit obligations, are paid on time. This habit not only reflects responsibility but also contributes positively to credit scores.
- Monitor Credit Reports Regularly: Keeping an eye on your credit report can help identify errors or fraudulent activities that might be adversely affecting your score. You can obtain a free report from each of the three major credit bureaus once a year.
- Reduce Credit Card Balances: Aim to maintain a low credit utilization ratio, ideally below 30%. Paying down credit card balances shows lenders that you can manage your credit effectively.
- Avoid New Hard Inquiries: When applying for new credit, be selective. Too many applications can lead to hard inquiries on your report, which might temporarily lower your score.
- Consider Secured Credit Cards: These cards require an upfront cash deposit, which serves as your credit limit. They can be beneficial for rebuilding credit as long as you make regular, on-time payments.
Taking these steps can lead to gradual, yet effective improvements in your credit health.
Financial Literacy Resources
Investing time in financial literacy can change the game entirely. Here are a few resources that can greatly enhance your knowledge and skills:
- Books and Publications: Titles like "The Total Money Makeover" by Dave Ramsey and "Your Score" by Anthony Davenport provide essential insights into personal finance management and credit repair strategies.
- Online Courses: Websites like Coursera or Khan Academy offer free courses on personal finance, covering topics from budgeting to understanding credit scores.
- Podcasts and Audiobooks: Engaging resources such as "The Dave Ramsey Show" or "So Money" with Farnoosh Torabi can bridge knowledge gaps while on the go.
- Local Community Programs: Many nonprofits offer workshops on financial health, credit, and debt management. These programs often provide personalized advice and support.
"Knowledge is power; it’s not just a phrase, it’s a vital element for navigating the uncertain waters of finance."
In summary, both improving your credit score and enhancing financial literacy are not merely suggestions but necessities for anyone aiming to better their financial standing. The road might not always be smooth, but by putting these recommendations into practice, the future can indeed hold promise.
